The 10 Best Books If You Like 1984 of 2019

Formal Analysis of Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown Essay...

A Formal Analysis of Young Goodman Brownnbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Nathaniel Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown is an interesting short story that creatively tells two stories at once.nbsp; One story is of a man leaving his wife one night and venturing into the woods, and the other is of his struggle with his religious faith.nbsp; In reading this story, it is beneficial for one to look at it from a formalistic point of view.nbsp; Formal analysis makes the reader look closely at how a story is written to see its deeper meaning.nbsp; Hawthorne takes advantage of careful word choice and images to create a picture of one mans journey that can easily parallel our own. nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; The word choice of every†¦show more content†¦nbsp; nbsp;Hawthorne also uses imagery in his tale.nbsp; The pink ribbon in his wifes hair is one.nbsp; The story takes place in Salem, which is know for its witch trials and hard core Christians.nbsp; Pink ribbons would not be worn by a good Christian woman.nbsp; It suggests that his wife was not so virtuous as her name suggests (Rhetoric 102L class discussion, January 15 2001).nbsp; Further evidence that his wife was not the ideal Puritan is in the second paragraph when she seductively whispers into her husbands ear, prithee put off your journey until sunrise and sleep in your own bed tonight...tarry with me this night... (HCAL 375).nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; The simple mention of a color allows readers to discover aShow MoreRelatedSymbolism Of Nathaniel Hawthorne s Scarlet Letter And The Minister s Black Veil 1083 Words   |  5 Pageswriting counterparts, Nathaniel Hawthorne extensively uses symbolism in several of his major works to explore sin and human nature. The Scarlett Letter, â€Å" Young Goodman Brown† and â€Å"The Minister s Black Veil† are all vivid examples of this exploration and are the focus of this analysis. Before discussing his works, it is important to explore Hawthorne’s background to better understand how they connect to his writing and to his use of dark romanticism. Hawthorne came from Puritan ancestry. His family wasRead MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pagesï » ¿TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS The purpose of Text Interpretation and Analysis is a literary and linguistic commentary in which the reader explains what the text reveals under close examination. Any literary work is unique. It is created by the author in accordance with his vision and is permeated with his idea of the world. The reader’s interpretation is also highly individual and depends to a great extent on his knowledge and personal experience. That’s why one cannot lay down a fixed â€Å"model†

Enterprise Risk Management Plan

Question: Describe about the Enterprise Risk Management Plan. Answer: 1. Introduction The study comprises of the information and analysis on the gathered information regarding the Enterprise Risk Management Plan. The analyzed information later will be utilized for the purpose of using it for water and sewerage authority of Trinidad and Tobago. The activity, enterprise risk management, is based on four phases such as designing-planning, developing-benchmarking, measuring-monitoring, and learning-reporting (Abrams et al. 2012, 221). The activities are carried out by the enterprises for minimizing the consequence of risks on its profit and fund (Ballantyne 2013, 56). The risk handling plan is not only about the managing the risks that can create accidental losses but it also manages the risks that are related to strategic, financial, and operational and various other risks. For reducing the risk issues in the water and sewerage system, all the described phases will be properly executed. 2. Enterprise Risk Management The only truth that never changes is that in the enterprises the change as well as the opportunities and risks that the related to that particular change is constant. In the current year, the enterprise risk management or ERM has serious attention of the enterprises because of the external factors (Bromiley et al. 2015, 269). It has become mandatory for the private and government industries, even the investors, to examine the management policies and activities of an ERM. The change in various aspects of society and technology is another reason of enterprises risks. The Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission or the COSO defines Enterprise Risk Management in the following manner (Jeppesen et al. 2015, 62): According to Banerjee (2016, 68) Enterprise risk management is a process, effected by an entitys board of directors, management and other personnel, applied in strategy setting and across the enterprise, designed to identify potential events that may affect the entity, and manage risk to be within its risk appetite, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the achievement of entity objectives. The above mentioned quote reflects the following fundamental concepts about the Enterprise resource management framework: Enterprise resource management is essentially an ongoing process that is conducted in a continuous manner in an organization (Antweiler 2014, 45). The process is undoubtedly affected by the decisions of the higher management that drives the organization. The said process is employed across all sections of the enterprise and across all levels (Ballantyne 2013, 87). The process is essentially aimed at the identification of those events that have the potential of generating risk scenarios: the identification of such incidents is essential so as to develop the strategies for mitigating them (Banerjee 2016, 71). 2.1 Objective of the Enterprise risk management process Researchers Barton, Shenkir and Walker (2012, 155) are of the opinion that framework of the Enterprise risk management process is designed in manner so as to achieve the objectives of an entity, the objectives belonging to the following categories: Strategic: The high level goals of the organization in concern, the goals being aligned with the mission and vision of the organization in consideration (Baxter et al. 2013, 1273). Operations: The optimized utilization of the resources available to the organization Reporting: The reliability and the efficiency with which the organizational reports are generated (Bromiley et al. 2014, 273). Compliance: The compliance of the organizational activities with the legislative laws and regulations of the country is also rudimentary. According to Lautze et al. (2014, 61), the objectives that relate to compliance and the report are essentially with regulations and laws which are inside the organizational control, enterprise risk management which is expect to give sensible assurance of reaching those goals. Accomplishment of operation and strategic goals, however, it is related to outer events and not always inside the organizational control. For this goals the enterprise risk management can given a sensible assurance that the board and the management in default role, which are aware in time of the degree to which the organization is going towards the accomplishment of the goals (Pritchard and PMP 2014, 31). 2.2 Components of ERM Eight correlated elements are there in ERM (Enterprise Risk Management). Now these components are taken out from the management that operates an organization and are implemented with the workflow of management (Quadri, Komal and Khalil 2015, 209). These components are mentioned below in detail: Inner Environment: It surrounds the voice of an enterprise, and sets the base for how the risk is reviewed and consider by an organizational individual who includes risk managements concept and integrity, risk appetite, environment and the ethical values. Event Identification: The external and internal events affect the accomplishment of an organizations goals that must be located and differentiate between the opportunities and risks. The possibilities are rolled back to the organization management goal setting processes or strategy. Set Objective: The existence of objectives is must preexisting management that can locate the potentials events which affects the organization accomplishment (Toze 2016, 150). ERM make sure that the management has in space to flow to set the targets and that selected targets align and support with the organizations missions and are uniform with their risk appetite. Risk Response: Risk responses is selected by management- accepting, decreasing, avoiding or risk sharing- creating a set of activities for risk alignment with the organizations risk appetite and tolerances. Monitor: The whole of ERM is reviewed and changes are done if required. Monitor is achievement through continual management actions or separate reviews (Warrick and Ekwue 2014, 225). Control Activities: The procedure and policies are creating and integrated to help and make sure the responses of risk are effectively moved forward. Communication and Information: Specific and right data is located, gathered and communicated in a way and the timeframe which enables the individuals to understand their responsibilities. Good and useful communication also happens in a flowing down, larger sense, up the organization and across (Snyder 2013, 32). The ERM is not strictly to be an ongoing process, where a single element affects only the next. It is said to have multiple directions or multidirectional and repetitive process in which any of the component does and can influence other component. According to Sato et al. (2013, 12), the key elements of the Enterprise Risk Management are listed out below: Culture- Discipline. Basic Measurement Basic Language Comprehensive Reporting Corporate Risk Appetite Continual Development of Processes and Tools Controls 2.3 The Significance of Change Through the centuries one thing that has been learned is continuous change in everything is a part of life. The change in the technology and the social medians has the most significant impact on the repetitive nature of change (Covello and Mumpower 2012, 112). The change in policies, regulations and laws are a great factor in enterprise management plan. As the consumers are the source of any organizations profit, the change in culture is another factor in organizational change. The impact of change on organizational risks is very straight forward and direct (Driver and Bernard 2012, 531). The changes ask for creating other processes in the organizations that will be perfect for making the profit in future. The change in the organization's either in entire or partial processes are the source of risks (Dean et al. 2012, 243). It is because the changes may not be flexible enough to flow smoothly within the organizational activities, and also it can damage the working integrity or flow o f the employees. If a change is not conducted with proper guidance, it can lead any organization toward a bitter future. Therefore, the change is a big factor in any small, medium or big enterprise. 2.4 Designing and Planning An enterprise has to completely consider the effect of any considered change on the organizations various business aspects (Lane et al. 2015, 141). For that reason, the proper designing and planning are very crucial. The risk management policy of an enterprise must be comprised of risk strategy, protocols, and framework. The risk management policies must be holding the following sections. Risk management goals and Internal control. The information regarding the control environment or risk aware culture. The view of the organization toward that risk (Dickinson 2011, 360). Criteria for benchmarking and monitoring risks. Risk processes and priorities regarding the forthcoming years. Training topics and priorities. Allocation of the proper resources for managing the risk (Driver and Bernard 2012, 538). The documentation to examine and reporting risk. The comprehensive initiative in terms of ERM indicates the first step toward success. As the risk managements improved standard is a progressive process, achieving it instantly is not possible (McNeil 2013, 2). During the development process, the scope and the initiative process of the ERM are being developed by the organization. The benefit of the organization decides the initiative and the scope of the enterprise risk management, and also it gets influenced by the requirements and expectations of distinct stakeholders in the organization. The range of the risk management features depends on the nature of the enterprise. The risk supervision features that may sort from an individual risk champion to a part-time risk manager, to a full-scale risk administration branch (O'Donnell 2011, 181). The part of the inner review capacity will likewise vary from one association to another. In deciding the most proper part for inner review, the association needs to guarantee that the autonomy and objectivity of inward review are definitely not traded off. 2.5 Developing and Benchmarking Risk assessment is a generally vital part of the risk administration process. So as to accomplish an extensive risk administration approach, an association needs to attempt appropriate and adequate risk appraisals (Hrudey, Hrudey and Pollard 2012, 951). The risk assessment will be required as a feature of the basic leadership forms planned to abuse business opportunities. One method for guaranteeing that risk is a piece of basic business leadership is to guarantee that a risk evaluation is connected to all methodology papers introduced to the Board. It is critical that the Board sets regulations regarding risk taking in approval of a variety of potential and existing risks, and a few connections have been created regarding risk longing announcement that is appropriate for all kinds of risks (Jaramillo et al. 2015, 20). It is basically straightforward for an organization to confirm that it has no intension of bringing about risk and un-well wellbeing. On the other hand, notwithstandin g, maybe this must to be constructed into an understanding of concerns for security and wellbeing implementation. There exists a risk that risk hankering demonstrations ignore to be dynamic, and they can be obliged in terms of fast reaction and conduct (Jeppesen et al. 2015, 91). 2.6 Determining and Supervising Keeping the record of the risk assessment in a risk register is a frequent incident. The document that is served as the risk register is an important part of the enterprise business and still there no such format that can be described as a used as suitable formats regarding constructing the documentation (Toze 2016, 158). Instead of considering the risk register as a static record in terms of the risks that the organization faces, it should be treated as a plan that describes the action that the organization is going to carry out against the existing and potential risks, and it holds the further information of the actions that are planned. In addition, observing the adequacy of the existing controls and the execution of extra controls, the cost-adequacy of the existing controls ought to likewise be checked (Quadri, Komal and Khalil 2015, 32). Furthermore, observing and measuring incorporates assessment of the risk mindful society and the risk administration system, and appraisal of t he degree to which hazard administration errands are adjusted with other corporate exercises (Lane et al. 2015, 141). Inspecting and calculating expand to the assessment of execution, society, and willingness of the enterprise (Lautze et al. 2014, 25). The scope of activities are being protected by measuring and checking, furthermore includes observing the risks regarding change suggestions and evaluation of the implementing of risk administration movements in the enterprise. In addition, regular observation of risks carrying out markers is an aspect of the recommendation (Mandri-Perrott and Stiggers 2013, 95). 2.7Reporting and Learning Completing the input circle on the risk administration activity comprises of the important steps of obtaining as a matter of information and providing an account of implementation (McNeil 2013, 1). Keeping in concern the final objective to gain as a matter of fact, an organization requires auditing risk implementation pointers and measures the commitment that project risk management has carried out to the achievement of the organization (McNeil, Frey and Embrechts 2015, 66). Various elements of obtaining as a matter of fact include evaluation of appraisal estimate and reports of the wellsprings of risk verification accessible to the committee and the study advisory group (Nankani 2012, 52). An evaluation of the level of confirmation thats been acquired is likewise important. Notwithstanding inward correspondence and informing, there will be an obligation on associations to report remotely. Outside informing ought to provide valuable information to partners on the condition of risk administration also, the activities that are being made to guarantee the constant change in implementation (Nocco and Stulz 2012, 12). 2.8 Importance of ERM ERM empowers an association to organize and allow assets against those risks that support the proceeded with maintainability of the association (O'Donnell 2011, 178). As it were, an association's capacity to keep up something of worth, taken as an example, the conveyance of administrations or items to clients) depends on its capacity to comprehend and get ready for those risks that may obstruct the accomplishment of its business targets/objectives or risks that could fundamentally impede its capital (Peters et al. 2014, 299). ERM reveals risks keeping in mind the end goal to manufacture authoritative versatility furthermore, maintainability. Hierarchical versatility, or a venture's capacity to recoup rapidly from mishaps, is especially vital when a risk is unavoidable or non-transferrable. RM binds revealed risks to controls found in setting up administration frameworks (Petersa and Goberdhanb 2016, 33). ERM, through association with Internal Audit, screens the association's trust in the built up control frameworks for dealing with the revealed risks. In conjunction with other risk partners, the ERM structure accommodates assessment of this administration control programs/forms also, frameworks (Pritchard and PMI 2014, 18). ERM supports cross-utilitarian talk of potential unintended results. By setting up risk reporting as a major aspect of administration's typical business audits, at whatever recurrence bodes well for the association, the Chiefs have a more extensive point of view of the risk interdependencies (Nocco and Stulz 2012, 20). These interdependencies relate not just to the risks themselves, in any case, incorporate the particular risk medicines attempted for every risk. 3. Risk Management Plan In every successful project, it is essential to incorporate a sufficient risk management plan and strategy for developing an appropriate method to handle potential risks associated with a particular project or even an organization (Sato et al. 2013, 6). For this purpose, a risk management plan consists of a number of systematic stages that are to be carried out in methodical, sequential as well as iterative manner. Almost every business industry and organizations needs to smartly deal with the emerging risks and threats and at the same time maintain their potential for growth (Shah et al. 2013, 130). However, a limited amount of risk is healthy and therefore, should be considered in order to ensure rapid growth and competitive advantage in the market. Risks are associated in every individual aspect of a projects life cycle. A risk event may arise from a projects scope, schedule, cost or even the projects quality standards (Snyder 2013, 201). Thus, managing project risks is essential that in turn consists of a number of activities starting with identifying the potential risks, performing an assessment and analysis on the risks in order to prioritize them, undertaking suitable and appropriate risk treatment and risk mitigation strategies and ultimately monitoring and reviewing the identified risks throughout the life cycle of a particular project (Toze 2016, 154). To be more precise, a particular project associates with itself a number of risks, which is usually identified and managed by the project manager ahead of time for including them in the risk management plan for the project (Urbansky and Schock 2012, 85). According to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBoK) guide, risk management plan is concerned with analyzing and responding to the risks by minimizing the probability or the consequences and severity of impact associated with certain risk events (Warrick and Ekwue 2014, 5). The risk management plan specified in PMBoK methodology specifically involves a series of activities or stages. These stages and processes are interrelated with each other and share a common knowledge area gathered from the business or phases of a specific project undertaken by a company (Wu and Olson 2015, 9). These processes and stages are discussed individually in the sections as follows: 3.1 Risk Identification Risk identification process particularly deals with determining the potential risks that are likely to crop up or emerge and thereby affecting the outcomes and objectives of a particular project, or an organizations business scopes and life cycle (Shah et al. 2013, 135). Risk identification is an iterative process, which needs to be carried out on a regular basis throughout the life cycle of a project or venture. Risk identification involves a number of activities like brainstorming and expert judgments for figuring out the potential threats and risk events both internal as well as external. The risk identification plan incorporates three basic components (Nocco and Stulz 2012, 15). There are described underneath: Inputs: Identifying risks involves distinguishing the causes and corresponding effects. For this purpose, it needs a number of inputs for processing. These may involve a thorough and detailed description of particular service or product along with the associated technology, costs and schedule impacts (Urbansky and Schock 2012, 94). Precisely, it necessitates the major knowledge areas such as the work breakdown structure or WBS, estimates of costs and durations, staffing plan, procurement management planning details and other relevant documents and information (McNeil, Frey and Embrechts 2015, 56). Tools and techniques: As discussed previously, risk identification process is typically carried out with the help of a number of tools, techniques, methods and mechanisms that are applied by the risk manager or the project manager of a certain organization. Some of these most popular tools and techniques for identifying risks include: Checklists: Checklists are developed based on the possible and potential sources of risks. It typically takes into account the processes, outputs, technology issues, required skills, resources and other internal sources (McNeil 2013, 1). . Brainstorming: Brainstorming is another method employed for identifying potential risks. It involves looking closely into all possible aspects of the operational processes and departmental sources from where risks can possibly occur and figuring out the sources and causes of each corresponding risk (Mandri-Perrott and Stiggers 2015, 19). iii. Flowcharting: flowcharting is an effective tool to identify and document the causes and effects of risks by understanding them in a clear and concise manner (Lautze et al. 2014, 49). Interviewing: conducting risk oriented interviews can effective help identify risks by the sessions and planning activities with the stakeholders. Outputs: Outputs of conducting risk identification process with the aid of the tools and techniques as specified above, clearly helps in obtaining a number of useful and relevant information (Peters et al. 2014, 299). These include the potential risk events along with their individual characteristics and nature, the symptoms of risks as well as all the possible sources of risks. 3.1.1 Types of Risks Internal risks: The internal risks are mainly caused by factors and situations that arise from within an organization involving mainly the functions and operations. Internal risks can be better forecasted and thereby has greater chance for successful reduction and mitigation (Lam 2014, 106). Internal risk factors can be a number of components ranging from human resource factors, operational and organizational culture, and technological factors and so on. To be more precise, different nature and kinds of human factors are there that can potentially impose risk events for an organization. Some of these factors include strikes, employee mismanagement, conflicts, and dishonesty by staff members, ineffective leadership or weak management expertise (Kimbrough and Componation 2012, 23). Apart from that, technological factors include unexpected changes and modifications, unforeseen scope creeps, changes in distribution or delivery process for a companys services offerings. In addition to tha t, examples of physical risk events include damage or loss of organizational assets. Internals risks can also include inadequate IT support, infrastructural problems, and electricity supply issues and so on (Jeppesen et al. 2015, 36). External risks: External risks most commonly arise from factors and elements outside the organization. It may include economic factors. These risks are usually more difficult to forecast and companies face significant challenges in properly dealing with the external risks (Jaramillo et al. 2015, 88). Most common external factors that cause potential threats include natural factors, economic factors and political factors. Economic risks can be unforeseen changes in the market conditions and a result significant financial loss. Natural factors imposing potential risk involve natural disasters and likely natural phenomena, which disrupts and affects normal operations of a business or organization (Hrudey, Hrudey and Pollard 2012, 948). Apart from that, political risks consist of sudden changes in the political environment. To be more specific, factors and situations that are outside the control of a particular company and usually harder to predict and manage are external risks, which ca n be economic upheaval, sudden bankrupt condition of vendors, crimes, wars, and other likely events that somehow affects the company and its undertaken ventures and projects (Hoyt and Liebenberg 2011, 796). A critical instance of external risk can be a revolutionary government taking over a certain project. 3.2 Risk Quantification Risk quantification deals with evaluation of risks and interacting with the associated events so as to project outcomes. The opportunities and threats identified in the previous phase if risk identification are specifically considered in order to develop a particular strategy for quantifying as well as prioritizing them (Jaramillo et al. 2015, 50). The inputs to the risk quantification process essentially involve stakeholder risk tolerances, activity duration estimates, potential risk events and their individual corresponding characteristics, cost estimates as well as the potential sources of risks. The typical tools and techniques most commonly employed and adopted in enterprise organizations involve statistical sums, expert judgments, decision trees, simulation methods as well as expected monetary value (O'Donnell 2011, 178). Apart from that, as a result of performing the risk quantification process, several opportunities are obtained for the purpose of pursuing and responding to the threats as well as potentially ignore or accept certain circumstances. 3.3 Risk Analysis The risk analysis process is significantly complex and requires a detailed and in-depth knowledge and idea about the identified risk events in the initial step (i.e. risk identification) of the risk management plan. The risk checklists or registers are utilized for the attempt of performing a specific type of risk analysis strategy (e.g. either qualitative or quantitative analysis) (Covello and Mumpower, 2012, 120). It is majorly important for considering this particular risk management phase in every stage of a projects life cycle in order to be able to successfully manage the project. Performing an effective risk analysis involves assessing the roles and responsibilities, budget, categories of risk, stakeholder risk tolerances in order to define the probability and impact of each individual risk, prioritize the risks accordingly and ultimately carry out and develop the final version of the probability impact matrix. 3.3.1 Quantitative Risk Analysis Quantitative risk analysis technique typically focuses on the aspects of structured interviews and information modeling strategies. In addition to that, it includes decision tree analysis (as discussed in risk quantification section) (Barton, Shenkir and Walker 2012, 52). Sensitivity analysis deals with determining the severity of each individual risk. Apart from that, Monte Carlo analysis, Tornado diagrams and expert judgments are popular quantification tools. 3.3.2 Qualitative Risk Analysis Qualitative risk analysis involves a number of tools such as assessing risk probability and impact for identifying the exact likelihood that a particular risk event will occur (probability assessment) as well as the potential effect of that event on the objective and outcomes of a business venture or a project including its quality, budget, schedule and performance (impact assessment). Based on these assessments, the accurate evaluation of each risk is performed and therefore, the risks can then be prioritized using the Probability Impact Matrix. Accordingly, the risks are grouped to individual categories based on the high and low priority risks by giving them relative ranking or scores (Urbansky and Schock 2012, 79). 3.4 Risk Response Development Risk response development is concerned with determining the suitable methods and strategies for planning, controlling and responding to each individual risk. For this purpose, PMBoK defines a typical risk response development process involving several steps to deal with responding to potential threats as well as opportunities (Allan 2015, 123). There are usually most common three classifications/ categories of responses. These are thoroughly discussed in the section below: Risk Avoidance: Avoiding risks refers to taking particular action or step for the purpose of eliminating the risk by means of reducing the probability and/ or impact. Risk Transfer: Transferring risks deals with shifting a particular risk to a third party so as to enable smooth management by transferring the liability. It can be done by taking out insurance, establishing contracts and so on. Risk Mitigation: Risk mitigation strategy concerns with taking earliest possible action for attempting to reduce the impact and probability of a certain risk that occurs (Banerjee 2016, 70). Risk mitigation is adopted when it is observed that taking early action to manage the risk will be significantly more effective rather than trying to reduce the after effects and consequences for handling the loss or damage. Risk acceptance: risk acceptance strategy concerns itself with the process of accepting the consequences there are two basic forms of acceptance viz. active and passive such as establishing a contingency reserve with respect to money, time or resources. Contingency plans: These are predefined actions and steps that are to be undertaken when a particular risk event identified before has already been occurred (Hoyt and Liebenberg 2011, 820). Contingency plans are considered as one of the major and essential components of a risk management plan and are integrated with the overall planning of a project. Alternative strategies: It deals with preventing against certain risky situations by means of altering or changing a preplanned approach. iii. Reserves: Reserves are referred to typical provisions in the plan for mitigating costs or schedule risk. 3.5 Risk Monitoring and Control There a number of effective ways and strategies for controlling risks. It involves reassessment of risks, audits, risk variance and trends analysis, technical performance measurement, meetings and so on. The variety of tools and techniques employed for monitoring and controlling risks essentially involve workarounds, taking corrective actions as well as making sure to include adequate and appropriate updates to the risk management plan (Dickinson 2011, 365). Therefore, risk response control is important and crucial as the part of risk management plan, as it effectively manages change as they occur and also properly quantifies, identifies takes corrective responsive strategies in an iterative manner (Kimbrough and Componation 2012, 20). The controlling of risk may involve selective alternative strategies, implementing a contingency plan, taking the right action, and rescheduling the project. The owner of risk response should report time to time to the project manger and the risk TL (Team Leader) on the impact of the plan and other unanticipated impacts and any mid level course verification required mitigating the risk. 3.6 Practical Implementation of ERM and Risk Management plans 3.6.1 ERM implemented by Water and Sewerage Authority of Trinidad and Tobago WASA has embraced far reaching concentrates on and is finishing an assessment of vulnerability and risks. This suggests courses of action are as of now in progress for misfortune occasions that can happen amid the tropical storm or stormy season period. ERM indicates the first step toward success (Abrams et al. 2012, 220). As the risk managements improved standard is a progressive process, achieving it instantly is not possible (Quadri, Komal and Khalil 2015, 23). During the development process, the scope and the initiative process of the ERM are being developed by the organization. The benefit of the organization decides the initiative and the scope of the enterprise risk management, and also it get influenced by the requirements and expectations of distinct stakeholders in the organization (Barton, Shenkir and Walker 2012, 55). The Project Management Institutes PMBoK (Project Management Body of Knowledge) suggests the best practices for developing an appropriate and effective enter prise Risk Management Plan (Lam 2014, 40). 3.6.2 Disaster Management plan implemented by Water and Sewerage Authority of Trinidad and Tobago WASAs disaster management is characterized as a scope of exercises intended to keep up control over debacle and crisis circumstances and to give a structure to encouraging at-danger organizations to maintain a strategic distance from or recuperate from the effect of the catastrophe (Sato et al. 2013, 11). Calamity readiness is a scope of exercises in building up crisis arrangements, clearing arranges, prepositioning supplies, open mindfulness and preparing go for planning groups for the onset of a catastrophe. The disaster management cycle outlines the progressing procedure by which governments, organizations, and common society arrangement for and lessens the effect of fiascos, respond amid and promptly taking after a fiasco, and find a way to recoup after a disaster has happened. ERM Maturity Levels The ERM Committee of RIMS (Risk and Insurance Management Society) developed the ERM maturity model, realizing the need for ERM education and mechanism. The individual levels of maturity helps risk management practitioners, regulators and senior enterprise leaderships to evaluate the adequacy and efficiency of their organizations unique Risk Management Program and thereby determine the areas of improvement. The risk and governance professionals within their corresponding organizations consider the Risk Maturity Model for Enterprise Risk Management (Smith 2013, 61). RMM can be a useful tool for risk managers across all industry levels and sectors, from financial institutions to individual risk managers. The main purpose of the ERM Risk Maturity Model is to provide an effective means for improving the ERM practices by serving both as a benchmarking and as an educational tool. ERM classifies the maturity model into five individual levels of maturity. Any organization, including the water industries, essentially needs to apply these programs in order to achieve each level of maturity (Chofreh et al. 2014, 141). Explanation: The maturity achievement scores on the ERM maturity model range from one to five and incorporate total 25 competency drivers. An organization having a score of three or above indicates that it has a presence of repeatable and above risk-based Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) Program (Smith 2013, 23). 4. Conclusion It can be concluded that enterprise risk management plan is essential in almost every organization, industry and every fields of business to make sure a certain venture or project does not fail due to specific unwanted situations and suffering from potential damage and loss. ERMP or Enterprise Risk Management Plan typically incorporates a detailed systematic and methodical approach, which in turn involves a series of interrelated activities and stages and processes that takes care of managing potential risks that may crop up in the life cycle of a project undertaken by a particular organization or business. An enterprise has to completely consider the effect of any considered change on the organizations various business aspects. Identifying new water sources by WASA will be significantly effective instead of concentrating on the reduction of the leaks and breakages, because of the highly increasing demands for industrial water resulting from rapid growth and development in the indust rial sector. To be more precise, adding new sources to the network to increase water supply can be an effective alternative solution for the time consuming and low return procedure associated with detection and reduction of leakages. References Abrams, Carl, Juerg Von Kanel, Samuel Muller, Birgit Pfitzmann, and Susanne Ruschka-Taylor. 2012. "Optimized enterprise risk management."IBM Systems Journal46, no. 2: 219-234. Allan, Richard. 2015. "The impact of regulation, ownership arrangements, and management culture on risk management practices within the water industry." Antweiler, Werner.2014. Elements of Environmental Management. University of Toronto Press. Ballantyne, Ryan. 2013. "An Empirical Investigation into the Association between Enterprise Risk Management and Firm Financial Performance." PhD diss., Lawrence Technological University. Banerjee, Bhabatosh. 2016. "Enterprise Risk Management."The MA Journal51, no. 3: 66-72. Barton, Thomas L., William G. Shenkir, and Paul L. Walker.2012. Making enterprise risk management pay off. FT Press. Baxter, Ryan, Jean C. Bedard, Rani Hoitash, and Ari Yezegel. 2013. "Enterprise risk management program quality: Determinants, value relevance, and the financial crisis."Contemporary Accounting Research30, no. 4: 1264-1295. Bromiley, Philip, Michael McShane, Anil Nair, and Elzotbek Rustambekov. 2015. "Enterprise risk management: Review, critique, and research directions."Long range planning48, no. 4: 265-276. Chofreh, Abdoulmohammad Gholamzadeh, Feybi Ariani Goni, Awaluddin Mohamed Shaharoun, Syuhaida Ismail, and JiÃ…â„ ¢ Jaromr Kleme. 2014. "Sustainable enterprise resource planning: imperatives and research directions." Journal of Cleaner Production 71: 139-147. Covello, Vincent T., and Jeryl Mumpower. 2012. "Risk analysis and risk management: an historical perspective."Risk analysis5, no. 2: 103-120. Dean, Jonathan ME, Fredericka Deare, Keizel Kydd, Jennie Ward-Robinson, and Paul R. Hunter. 2012. "Rainwater harvesting in rural Trinidad; a cross sectional, observational study."Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development2, no. 4: 241-249. DeLoach, James W.2012. Enterprise-wide risk management: strategies for linking risk and opportunity. Financial Times Prentice Hall. Dickinson, Gerry. 2011. "Enterprise risk management: Its origins and conceptual foundation."The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance. Issues and Practice26, no. 3: 360-366. 3.4 Risk Response Development Conclusion

Summer Night free essay sample

A Moment of my Summer Nights The most relaxing and Jubilant moment for me after a long, hot day is the family time together in the backyard after dinner. It is a good day today and not yet dark. I made the hot, green tea in my husbands favorite blue and white porcelain teapot, and brought it out to the table on the patio. The sky was a beautiful, landscape blue with little clouds; the cool breeze gently blew my face and brought the smell of fresh cut grass; the birds were chirping as they are singing a melodious song; our goobers fat, white cat slipped Into our yard, glanced shyly at me, and then lowered her eyes.Just beside the patio, my mother was watering her tomato seedlings, with Blvd tiny green leaves that can be seen clearly. Wearing her reading glasses, she bended over to carefully check every leaf to make sure there are no pests. We will write a custom essay sample on Summer Night or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page On the left side of my mothers small task, my two daughters, aged 2 and 5 years old, were enjoying their happiest hour In the playhouse. They were quarreling to be the first one to go down the slide, and the big one finally let her baby sister go first because ere face was puckering up and spilling tears.My big angel then sat down in the grass, picking a downy flower head from a dandelion, and blew it to the sky with hope in her eyes. Their grandfather stood beside the slide, looking at them with a smile and waving a paper fan to shoo the mosquitoes away from them. The busiest person was my husband, who slowly walked along the gray fence, standing on tiptoe or bending down from time to time to check if there are any cracks. There was nothing special tonight, but I really enjoy this peaceful, Joyful moment, which is like a picture that cannot be found in town.

Wisdom Vs. Vanity In John Miltons Paradise Lost Essays -

Wisdom Vs. Vanity In John Milton's Paradise Lost In the seventeeth century, women were not permitted to embrace in the power of knowledge. John Milton portrays the only female character in his epic poem, Paradise Lost, as a subservient creature caught in a seemingly misogynistic society. Milton states Eves location in the great chain of authority of his time quite clearly with her inferiority to man repeated frequently throughout the epic, especially amplified in Book IV and Book IX. Milton uses the character of Eve to represent the ills that can befall mankind after she (the woman) breaks the chain of authority in which she was placed. A twenty-first century reader might perceive Miltons theodicy on a womans place in society to be inhumane as well as appalling, however, during his time women were accepted by society and themselves as subordinate on the chain of hierarchy. They were to be treated properly by their man but were to walk two steps behind their superior male counterpart at all times. Even though Miltons blatant descrip tion of Eves role in the created world is unequal, the twenty-first century reader accepts this concept and enjoys the passionate power that the character has over the reasonable male authority figure. In the traditional epic structure and in Book I of Paradise Lost, the reader is immediately introduced to the main action of the story being told, the narration opens with the middle of the story (media res) and uses flashbacks to develop the plot. Of mans first disobedienceWho first seduced them to that foul revolt?the infernal serpent; he it was, whose guile stirred up with envy and revenge, deceived the mother of mankind(PL: BK 1, L 1-36). It is stated quite clearly in these lines that Eve initiated the fall of man by giving in to the temptation posed to her by Satan. Knowing this from the absolute beginning of the narrative, it is clear that the woman unreasonably steps out of her position in Eden and is overcome by evil. In Book IV of Paradise Lost, Milton expresses Eves perception of herself when she sees her image as well as the readers insight to Eves role through Satans initial description of her. At the beginning of this narration Adam and Eve are identified, very briefly, as alike, Two of far nobler shape erect and tall, Godlike erect, with native honour clad in naked majesty seemed lords of all(PL: BK IV, L287-290). This narration then immediately turns to a characterization of Eve as the secondary being, Whence true authority in men; though both not equal, as their sex not equal seemedHe for God only, she for God in him (PL: BK IV, L295-300). Here, then, is a grand example of Eves submission to her absolute ruler (PL: BK IV, L300) who is man and her place in the natural order of creation is beneath him. Milton immodestly states in these lines that the male authority figure in this story is the most divine of all created beings and the female is only there to enhance his being. They are both m ade in the likeness of God, but Eve is divine-like only through Adam. Milton, in Paradise Lost, as in all epic structures, uses many classical allusions to help the reader gain insight to a womans standpoint through the power of poetry. To enforce Eves position and to introduce Eves flaw, Milton alludes to Ovids character, Narcissis. Narcissis vainly yearns for his own image reflected in a pool. In Book IV, Eves vanity is explained, A shape within the watery gleam appeared bending to look on mepleased it returned as soon with answering looks of sympathy and love; there I had fixed mine eyes till now, and pined with vain desire (PL: BK IV, L460-466). The importance of this parallel is the forefront of Eves weakness to be overcome in Book IX. In addition to exclaiming vanity as the root of all evil, Milton stimulates a sense of corruption in Eve with this comparison. Likewise, Satan is able to captivate Eves imagination while she sleeps, him there they found squat like a toad, close at the ear of Eve; assaying by his devilish art to reach the organs of h er

The Mechanics of Air Pressure

The Mechanics of Air Pressure Air pressure, atmospheric pressure, or barometric pressure, is the pressure exerted over a surface by the weight of an air mass (and its molecules) above it. How Heavy Is Air? Air pressure is a difficult concept. How can something invisible have mass and weight? Air has mass because it is made up of a mixture of gases that have mass. Add up the weight of all these gases that compose dry air (oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and others) and you get the weight of dry air. The molecular weight, or molar mass, of dry air is 28.97 grams per mole. While that isnt very much, a typical air mass is made up of an incredibly large number of air molecules. As such, you can begin to see how air can have considerable weight when the masses of all the molecules are added together. High and Low Air Pressure So whats the connection between molecules and air pressure? If the number of air molecules above an area increases, there are more molecules to exert pressure on that area and its total atmospheric pressure increases. This is what we call high pressure. Likewise, if there are less air molecules above an area, the atmospheric pressure decreases. This is known as low pressure. Air pressure isnt uniform across the Earth. It ranges from 980 to 1050 millibars and changes with altitude. The higher the altitude, the lower the air pressure. This is because the number of air molecules decreases at higher altitudes, thus decreasing air density and air pressure. Air pressure is highest at sea level, where air density is greatest. Air Pressure Basics There are 5 basics about air pressure: It increases as air density increases and lowers as air density lowers.It increases as temperatures increase and lowers as temperatures cool.It increases at lower altitudes and decreases at higher altitudes.Air moves from high pressure to low pressure.Air pressure is measured with a weather instrument known as a barometer. (This is why its also sometimes called barometric pressure.) Measuring Air Pressure This is a close up of the needle at the Change indication of an aneroid barometer used to measure air pressure. Gannet77/E/Getty Images A barometer is used to measure atmospheric pressure in units called atmospheres or milibars. The oldest type of barometer is the mercury barometer. This instrument measures mercury as it rises or lowers in the glass tube of the barometer. Since atmospheric pressure is basically the weight of air in the atmosphere above the reservoir, the level of mercury in the barometer will continue to change until the weight of mercury in the glass tube is exactly equal to the weight of air above the reservoir. Once the two have stopped moving and are balanced, the pressure is recorded by reading the value at the mercurys height in the vertical column. If the weight of mercury is less than the atmospheric pressure, the mercury level in the glass tube will rise (high pressure). In areas of high pressure, air is sinking toward the surface of the earth more quickly than it can flow out to surrounding areas. Since the number of air molecules above the surface increases, there are more molecules to exert a force on that surface. With an increased weight of air above the reservoir, the mercury level rises to a higher level. If the weight of mercury is greater than the atmospheric pressure, the mercury level will fall (low pressure). In areas of low pressure, air is rising away from the surface of the Earth more quickly than it can be replaced by air flowing in from surrounding areas. Since the number of air molecules above the area decreases, there are less molecules to exert a force on that surface. With a reduced weight of air above the reservoir, the mercury level drops to a lower level. Other types of barometers include aneroid and digital barometers. Aneroid barometers do not contain mercury or any other liquid, but they have a sealed and air-tight metallic chamber. The chamber expands or contracts in response to pressure changes and a pointer on a dial is used to indicate pressure readings. Modern barometers are digital and are able to measure atmospheric pressure accurately and quickly. These electronic instruments display current atmospheric pressure readings across a display screen. Low and High Pressure Systems Atmospheric pressure is impacted by daytime heating from the sun. This heating does not occur evenly across the Earth as some areas are heated more than others. As air is warmed, it rises and can result in a low pressure system. The pressure at the center of a low pressure system is lower than air in the surrounding area. Winds blow toward the area of low pressure causing air in the atmosphere to rise. Water vapor in the rising air condenses forming clouds and, in many cases, precipitation. Due to the Coriolis Effect, a result of the Earths rotation, winds in a low pressure system circulate counter-clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere. Low pressure systems can produce unstable weather and storms such as cyclones, hurricanes, and typhoons. As a general rule of thumb, lows have a pressure of around 1000 millibars (29.54 inches of mercury). As of 2016, the lowest pressure ever recorded on Earth was 870 mb (25.69 inHg) in the eye of Typhoon Tip over the Pacific Ocean on October 12, 1979. In high pressure systems, air at the center of the system is at a higher pressure than air in the surrounding area. Air in this system sinks and blows away from the high pressure. This descending air reduces water vapor and cloud formation resulting in light winds and stable weather. Air flow in a high pressure system is opposite that of a low pressure system. Air circulates clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and counter-clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere. Article edited by Regina Bailey Sources Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. Atmospheric Pressure. Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, Inc., 5 Mar. 2018, www.britannica.com/science/atmospheric-pressure. National Geographic Society. Barometer. National Geographic Society, 9 Oct. 2012, www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/barometer/. The Highs and Lows of Air Pressure. Winter Weather Safety | UCAR Center for Science Education, scied.ucar.edu/shortcontent/highs-and-lows-air-pressure.

Case analysis statoil IT case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Analysis statoil IT - Case Study Example Scandinavian countries are known for their high labor taxes and keeping your workforce expenses under control is one of the key elements of successful long term growth. The company also has to stay on top of modern achievements in technology and engineering. Having said that, it is not very critical to use every bleeding edge technology that comes on the regular bases. The company operations mainly depend on heavy machinery and large scale construction projects that have a long life. Therefore, the preferences go to more stable and time-proven technologies when it comes to drilling, mining and explorations. However, the communication between different teams, ways that information can be spread between employees are updated more frequently than oil business related hardware. That is why one of the current tactical objectives is to align your workforce with the current technological advancements that are already used successfully in other industries, but is not yet know by Statoil staf f. It is clear that a simple introduction of the new technology would not bring desired benefits on the long run. Statoil seeks a fundamental transformation of the way employees approach some of their daily activities. The belief is that modern technology, such as Internet, private PC etc. would provide great collaborative tools for the whole Statoil’s workforce.... It also adds a nice perk on top as a free multimedia tool that the whole household can benefit on. Although, the short term objective is very clear, Statoil needs to put some success measures in place to avoid transforming a business improving initiative in a nice free gift from the company that does not provide any improvement in individual productivity. In the next section we try to define exact measures that would help Statoil to focus on their short term goals and clearly define the measure of the outcome. It is difficult to directly connect the productivity of employees and the time they would spend with their new toys. Also the choice of location of the new media PC has two sides. On one side it extents the work related matters into the private household space, but on another it offer new ways to entertain and spend free time. Statoil has to also keep in mind European attitude towards clear separation between work and private time. It is exceedingly difficult to ask your employ ees to put extra effort outside of normal working hours. There is another way of indirectly controlling or measuring changes in the way the employees approach certain business activities. One way is to define some metrics that reflect the level of collaboration achieved through new connectivity tools, such as conferencing. For example, one can devise a metric of how many meetings have been done online compared to offline ones. Offline meeting in a global company with many distributed office require a lot of time spent in commute, not to mention extra budget that goes with it. The number of offline conferences/meetings that were transformed in pure virtual remote participation ones will provide a clear indication

Effective Leadership Styles for an Educational or Training Institution Essay

Effective Leadership Styles for an Educational or Training Institution - Essay Example A general definition would be that â€Å"a leader is someone who influences a group of people towards the achievement of a goal†. There are 3Ps that are related to the term â€Å"leader† and these are People, Purpose, and Person. A leader is a person that is deeply committed to the goal and s/he will try to achieve it even if nobody follows him/her. A leader is someone who has a personal vision and in order to achieve needs the help of others. The leader should communicate his/her vision in such a way that the followers will share it and the goal will become a common goal. The leader needs the trust of the followers. Some people are more effective than others at influencing people. This effectiveness has been attributed to leadership styles, persuasion skills and the personal attributes of the leader. A leader is someone that brings big changes and innovations, someone who has handled effectively big crises whereas a manager is someone who improves the effectiveness of an organization at a given place and at a controlled course. Coercive. This is the least effective since it erodes employees’ pride. The leader here creates terrifies and demeans the employees at the slightest misstep. As a style it can be used in emergency situations. Authoritative. The leader has a vision, s/he motivates people by showing them how their work fits in the vision of the organization. This approach fails when the leader has a team of experts but it is a style which is effective in most business situations. Affiliative. The leader focuses on strong emotional relations and then he receives the benefits i.e. employees loyalty. S/he offers positive feedback. As a style it is positive but it should be better used when the leader wants to improve communication and increase morale. Democratic.  

College Math Problem Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

College - Math Problem Example Hi! It is simple, though unusual. Vectors differ from many other mathematical notions because a vector is determined by both numerical value and vector's direction. So, vector is not only a number. You can imagine a vector as an arrow of certain length. Exactly! You can compare it with buses that have the same route but go in the opposite direction. If you stand at a bus stop waiting for the bus to go to the nearby town, it does not help you if exactly the same minute the bus leaves the town of your destination and heads the other way. Although it is the same bus, you can not ride it as it goes in the different direction. The straight-line movement of the bus can be characterized by a vector. To determine whether it is better to use elimination or substitution method to solve a system of equations, first of all, it is advisable to examine closely the coefficients in the equations of the original system. If the coefficients before one of the variables in two of the equations are the same, but have the opposite sign (or have the same sign - then one of the equations should be simply multiplied by -1) then it would be more practical to use the elimination method. This method is also handy for solving bigger systems that contain three or more variables.

The origins of the Strategy

The origins of the Strategy This domain has quickly evolved for the company in the same way: to reach the objectives. The corporate strategy today involved the specification over long term goals and objectives that will create add value. Every aspects of the organization have his own function (people, finances, productions, and environment). A corporate strategy is driven by the companys goal which can be several purposes: for example provide works to his employees, distribute a dividend to the stakeholders or give a wider range of products to the customers. The goal of any strategy, according to Porter, is to create a competitive advantage. In other words, a strategy would create an advantage regards as his competitors (low cost, differentiationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.) and to create value for the customers. Corporate Strategy is the pattern of mayor objectives, purposes or goals and essential policies or plans for achieving those goals, stated in such a way as to define what business the company is in or to be in and the kind of company it is or is to be Lynch, 1997. Another role given to the corporate strategy is to make the link between the internal management of the organizations resources and the external relation between the different actors (suppliers, customers, competitors, economic environment) Today, two of the mains routes of corporate strategy are the Emergent and Prescriptive strategies. In the past, only the prescriptive strategy was used; but several environmental modifications (like oil price growing) have created and developed more incertitude for companies with this planned approach. Thus, the emergence strategy appears. These two strategies are going to be discussed and developed through this report. After that, I will explain with a relevant example, Maersk Line. PARLER COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE The Prescriptive Strategy PRESCRIPTIVE According to Lynch, a prescriptive is one where the objective has been defined in advance and the main elements have been developed before the strategy commences. (Corporate Strategy, Lynch, 2000, p.52). The prescriptive strategy involves a tight supervision of all the planning process by the top of the management. For example, the top management expresses its initial requirements and issues broad guidelines to the lower levels of the organisations, which are then, translate into concrete action plans. The head quarter, through careful analysis would think about how the resources are going to be coordinated and redistributed among the business. (Corporate Strategy, Roger Bennett, 1999, p.356). So, the strategy would be developed into a linear system where everything is known. From the start to go, (where are we now), to the final objective. The prescriptive approach process is divided in 3 steps: Strategic Analysis Strategic Development Strategic Implementation Æ’Â  These 3 steps are clearly separated: The strategy would be developed according the environment and the resources of the company (macroeconomic, politicalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.) on an agreed objective. Porter and Ansoff argue that the maximisation of the return on the capital is one of the main aims in a company. All the strategy will start from this point. The company will reconsider his missions/objectives if something would change and then works on all the options than the company will develop. But, before that the strategy commences. The company will select option(s) against the likelihood of achieving objective. To find the strategic route to reach the objectives will come out of the rational selection. His development would be done according: Consistency of the objectives Financial Æ’Â   do we have the resources? Suitability Æ’Â   how the options match with environment? (SWOT Analysis cf. Andrews) Validity Æ’Â   is the strategy logical and reasonable? Feasibility Æ’Â   do we have the environment to implement the options? Risks Æ’Â   are they important? Does it follow the stakeholders expectations? These essentials 7 points show that the evaluation is very important in the development process. The implementation of the strategy will be the final step according the chosen strategy option. Everything is going to be defined before than the company integer the market (Corporate Strategy, 2006, Lynch, p.54-55) Here an example of prescriptive strategy Sources: http://www.global-strategy.net/categories/Strategicmanagement Advantages Complete overview of the organisation There is a possibility to compare all the objectives. Clear picture of different choices that the company can use regards as the resources. The organisation has the possibility to observe the agreed plan as it is implemented. As well, the progression can be evaluated. Source: (Corporate Strategy, 2006, Lynch) Disadvantages Difficulties According to Mintzberg and Porter, there is no possibility to predict the future enough accurately to make rational and realistic choices. If the desire to organise the strategy is too developed, the creativity potential of the company and his members can be choked. ( Strategy Safari, p58) Define the long term strategy would not be possible. The strategies proposed present a logical and a capability to be managed in the way proposed. As well, to control all the variables can be a really difficult work. It tends to favour a centralization and concentration of decision making at senior management. Only the chief executive has the power of the decision between all the options. Nobody needs to persuade him on his decision. This can lead to a bad decision. It presents some very simplistic actions as the implementation phase that is separate and distinctive and only comes after than a strategy has been approved. Planning can be a source of strength and become a major obstacle for the flexibility and adaptability of the enterprise and thereby harm the development of innovative ideas. Haut du formulaire Source: (Corporate Strategy, 2006, Lynch) The emergent strategy EMERGENT Lynch says that an emergent strategy is a strategy whose final objective is unclear and whose elements are developed during the course of its life, as a strategy proceeds. A strategy emerges and adapts her-self to the environment and the humans needs. This idea is one of the fundamental lines of the emergent strategy. Nevertheless, it has to be noted that there are an important number of variations possible. (Corporate Strategy, 2006, Lynch) The emergent strategy process is not lock on Top Down schema (which is formed earlier, like the prescriptive strategy). This strategy build in bottom-top structure, can be developed from the ideas and constructions coming directly from the market reality. The participative management integers tools like the management system control which promote the emergence of new strategy. (Simons, 1995) (Strategy Safari, Minztberg Ahlstrand Lampel) One of the recommendations, according Scott D. Anthony, Mark Johnson is to keep the door open for all the new ideas coming from the field and not to be too rigorous with the definitions of the objectives and be able to change the lines of the strategy at any time. Thank to the person working directly on the field whose brings essential information regard as the market expectations. Henry Mintzberg As we say, an emergent strategy is open for any changes. During this revision of the strategy, it allows to alter the course of the strategy judiciously or more radically, to redesign the strategy in order to take advantage of an opportunity. The pessimist sees difficulty in every opportunity. The optimist sees the opportunity in every difficulty. Winston Churchill There is not final objective with an emergent approach. This is more like a series of experimental approach and discussion developed than the strategy goes ahead. The development and the implementation of the emergent approach are not distinct. These 2 stages work together. Firstly, we are going to identify what are the objectives. The strategy emerges from the background and knowledge of the company. It has to be very clear. After the objectives are defined, we discuss about the different options/choices possible and argue with members within the company to develop and implement to strategy. If the strategy works, it will stay on the same way trying to optimize. However, if the strategy does not meet the objectives, all the members will discuss about another compromise.And so on. We could say than this process has a circular structure. (Corporate Strategy, 2006, Lynch) Sources: http://www.global-strategy.net/categories/Strategicmanagement Emergent STRATEGY Advantages The strategy evolves continuously. It is a very flexible approach that can be developed over time according the new resources, policy and market expectations. Very efficient into fast moving market. It allows a constant development as more as the company learns about the strategy and market situation. The implementation is redefined, so it is an integral part of the strategy development process. The fact to work in a day by day approach allows the optimal culture to emerge instead of an artificial planning process Source: (Corporate Strategy, 2006, Lynch) Disadvantages Difficulties All the members of the company would have a very relevant knowledge about what the company does. The vision must be unified to avoid any muddle which can cost a lot to the company. The experience would be a really important point to counter this concern. According to Mintzberg, it is more complex to develop than a prescriptive strategy because it is constantly changing and ask more implication in the long term. Although the process of the strategy selection has to be softening according to the managers acceptation, this does not make it wrong; rational decision making based on evidence has a greater chance than a premonition or a personal whim. After the presentation about the emergent and prescriptive approach, I think interesting to take in consideration the debate between these two kinds of strategies. This is what I am going to speak about in the next part: DISCUSSION Today, according to March, a lot of companies are confronted to combine two conflicting ideas to survive: firstly, the capability and maintain of their aptitudes into a changing market, and secondly, the control and the stabilization on certain strategic activity than reach their maturity. (March, 1991). We are actually between the emergent and prescriptive approach. The idea of Jansen, in 2005, gives a good illustration of the combination: the adaptation into a changing environment, explore new ideas or new processes and to develop new products and service for emerging market. At the same time, they need to be stable to maintain and exploit their actual competences and operate into existing market. Thus, the management is between two sides: the exploration and the exploitation. EXPLOITATION EXPLORATION Improvement Choice Production Efficiency Selection Implementation Execution Research Variation Ventured Strategy Game Acting Flexibility Discovery Innovation MARCH 1991, p71 These two philosophies appear closely related. In 1934, Schumpeter developed a thesis saying that if the company creator stops innovating, he would lose, in opposition, his creator position. (). Therefore, we can see that the prescriptive notion appears integral part of the emergent approach. Mintzberg says that the planning and the strategy are different. He argues that a bureaucratic or analytical planning process mislead the managers into thinking that they are planning strategically and hence developing and improving organizational for the future. He has received a lot of critics. Indeed, a lot of people say that his approach his very simplistic. D. Powell says: Planning must involve both analysis and thinking. Changing labels wont improve poor processes or teach planning skills to those who lack them. Mintzberg raises a valid issue, but he fails to offer any real solutions. http://planningskills.com/askdan/11.php Parler que avoir les capacities peut faire la difference dans une organisation The different management school are The company would be confronted to a dilemma between Le concept de stratà ©gie à ©mergente  « ouvre la voie à   lapprentissage, parce quil reconnaà ®t le droit de lentreprise à   faire des expà ©riences. Une action isolà ©e sera menà ©e, des retombà ©es seront observà ©es, et le processus continuera jusquà   ce que lentreprise se rassemble sur un modà ¨le, qui deviendra sa stratà ©gie  » (Mintzberg et al., 1999, p. 198). En dautres termes :  « Lentreprise a pris des mesures, lune aprà ¨s lautre, qui ont fini par converger pour donner une certaine cohà ©rence, ou schà ©ma  » (Mintzberg et al., 1999, p. 21). Or, pour Mintzberg et ses co-auteurs, toute stratà ©gie en prise avec le monde rà ©el, se doit de conjuguer stratà ©gies dà ©libà ©rà ©es et stratà ©gies à ©mergentes :  « exercer un contrà ´le tout en favorisant lapprentissage  » (Mintzberg et al., 1999, p. 22). Là   encore, lentreprise est confrontà ©e au dilemme entre exploitation et exploration : mettre en oeuvre et contrà ´ler des stratà ©gies intentionnelles et dà ©libà ©rà ©es et, dans le mà ªme temps, dà ©tecter et formuler de nouvelles stratà ©gies dont il convient de favoriser là ©mergence  « ladaptation aux environnements compà ©titifs  » et surtout, vers les stratà ©gies à ©mergentes :  « les systà ¨mes de contrà ´le interactif sont utilisà ©s pour guider les processus bottom-up dà ©mergence de la stratà ©gie  » (Simons, 1995, p. 98). Cette distinction entre contrà ´le diagnostic et contrà ´le interactif traduit lopposition dà ©sormais classique entre deux modà ¨les de reprà ©sentation du contrà ´le de gestion http://www.wikiberal.org/wiki/Henry_Mintzberg Application with Maersk Line Strategy From the start to go, Maersk has been a very innovative company Nils Smedegaard Andersen (Maersk CEO) In a former time (1920), Maersk Line was a shipping specialist within the chemical industry. They operated in United States and East Asia thank to 6 tankers. The company understood very quickly than the business could be more developed. So, they made up their fleet with news engines in order to have more productivity. They adapted them-self to the new environment asking for more efficiency and created a competitive advantage (cf. Porter). The competitors stayed with old engines. 30 years later, they started to build larger units vessels to follow the market expectations. The new constructed port would provide more space in which bigger boats can operate. They adapted their strategy which was to transport more units at the same place because the market was growing. The strategies emerged from the market. http://www.maersk.com/AboutMaersk/WhoWeAre/Pages/History.aspx?SSItemId=8 Another plan used in the 60s was the diversification of his strategy thank to the containers revolution. Indeed, the standardization of the exchange would provide a very interesting future in this sector; where the company dedicated very important amount in the investment. The amount was around $2 billion (the biggest investment of the company at this time) to follow an emerging market. They opened a new area in the company through this opportunity and implementing a emergent strategy. In 2008, Maersk Line drove his new strategy. The objectives were to drive the turnaround of the business and return to sustainable profitability based on the long term. More than everything, Maersk Line wanted to reinforce his leadership position in the shipping market. Maersk is today is 10 times largest than it was 10 years ago and as the CEO said The have lost focusà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the way we operate today does not conform to our present size. With the growth we have had, the complexity has grown and so has the bureaucracy (Jaunary14, 2008, The Journal of Commerce) http://web.ebscohost.com.librouter.hud.ac.uk/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=1hid=105sid=833f65f7-a644-40dc-b0dd-3c5c53fabf3d%40sessionmgr111 This strategy is endorsed on the improved financial results and customer satisfaction seen in the closed past. Thank to that, we can see that the company has developed his strategy according to his good results experience of the market in the recent months. Indeed, during the 6 previous months of this period the company had feedbacks from customers. The strategy had four core elements: Filling the ship with profitable cargo Provide the most reliable product demanded by our customers Provide a faster, more responsive service closer to customers Reduce complexity and cost First of all, to reduce the complexity and the cost, the global organization has reduced by 2,000 to 3,000 positions out of 25,000, principally cut into the middle management. The main point is reducing the regional organizations into smaller teams. To reduce the impact and consider the human aspect of the firing, the organization informed long time ago to the concern people in order to them to find alternative solution and sometime come along them to find new positions. As well, pushing decision-making out to the countries: as close as possible to the customers. With this new process, the company had reduced the bureaucracy and streamline processes. As expected, the complexity is reduced for a double benefice: for the customers because they will have a better proximity service and for the internal efficiency, less complex. Through this point, we can say than the company redesign his decision making process in order to be more reactive and close with the customers. In another word, the Maersk will be more empowered with his customers. It will be for example faster to take a decision into a part of the world; do not waiting for the head quarter to give his feedbacksà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦For the future; the decentralized management will develop the emergence of local strategy and give, again, more signification to the launched of this proximity service strategy. As well, the fact to work more closely with the customers and build long term relationship provide as well, a better visibility and allow a better anticipation. It is a brilliant solution for the future of the company. The strategy has been implemented in few months. Journal Traffic World, January 21, 2008 http://web.ebscohost.com.librouter.hud.ac.uk/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=1hid=105sid=cb510fcd-112a-4c32-b25b-cb5f62f1c019%40sessionmgr113 Through this strategy, we have seen the importance of the market learning. The experience provides the better knowledge than a company can have. According to Eivind Kolding (CEO), the new management team, which will drive the strategy, has the experience and proven ability to deliver results. As we have seen previously in the report, the experience of the market is a key factor for the competitiveness of the organization. Having the experience of the market and the customers expectations, they applied the better strategy as possibleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ http://www.maerskline.com/link/?page=lhp_newspath=/asia/taiwan/20100222 The benefits of this emergent strategy are today already visible. The activity of the Maersk Line is from now on good position. The result are better than expected and to reach a $168 million net profit (1st trimester 2010) against a loss $581 million (1st trimester 2009). The turnover as well gives a good idea of the progression: $5.743 billion (1st trimester 2010) against $4.661 billion (1st trimester 2009). Eivind Kolding The market has been better and our efforts are gainful. Maersk has been able to develop all his strategy through the time and thus, take advantages of certain situation The company wants still to improve his competitiveness and they are ready to catch new opportunities bolting from the actual economic situation. http://www.meretmarine.com/article.cfm?id=113177 http://www.maerskline.com/link/?page=lhppath=/africa/guinea/general/news http://www.maersk.com/AboutMaersk/WhoWeAre/Pages/History.aspx?SSItemId=8 CONLUSION Through this project, we have studied the difference between the emergent and prescriptive approach in Strategic and Corporation Management through an academic discussion, his different point of view and a company example. We have seen that the prescriptive approach is a strategy The experience is a key factor. JONK LOCKE Sentences

Principles of Leadership in American Military History Essay -- essays

What is the description of a leader? Honor, respect, dignity, self-confidence, kindness, etc.? Moreover, what is the portrait of a leader? Is it the man who is able to stand in front of a crowd of thousands? Or the man who sits in his office, addressing the public through a TV screen? Is it the man who struggles for the rights he was born with, that people refuse to hand to him? Or is it the man who goes to jail after fighting for liberty and justice? These are all fine examples of leaders. It does not matter what their claim is. They all eventually die with honor, gain respect, and had the self-confidence to go public and go the extremes in order to obtain righteousness. There is nothing wrong with a leader failing, but future leaders should learn to not repeat the past, for better and for worst. There are â€Å"crossroads of our history† that are very similar to the recent news we are presented with, which defies not making the past’s mistakes. Whether they succeed fail, or fall back into the same hole the past has fallen into, these men display different qualities of a leader, positive or negatively. Both Patrick Henry and Barack Obama gave powerful speeches and shined a new light among many in their crowds with one major leadership skill: unity. In his speech at the Virginia Convention, Patrick Henry’s most persuasive qualities lay in his rhetorical questions. Beginning with â€Å"They tell us, sir, that we are weak—unable to cope with so formidable an adversary,† Henry jumps straight into his repetition of questions, hitting his audience with his words so continuously, they seem ultimately unanswerable. Following when the country will be stronger, he asks â€Å"Will it be when we are totally disarmed, and when a British guard shall b... ... minds, our opinions, our words, our strength and our will belong to the individual, and that is the most powerful weapon. There is no sign of an end to war, only the destruction of humanity. The timeline of history is repeating. Is our government looking at the errors of the past? Comparing our current crisis to Kennedy’s situation, is today’s enemy willing to compromise? Understandably, the precautions we have taken and the steps put forth these passed few years is due to the unpredictable behavior of our adversary. Perhaps we have really fallen into the same hole as our ancestors many years before, and our options really are limited and aiming in the same eventual fate. Maybe soon, every American, and others across the globe, will hold the same belief President Bush claims to own when he once said, â€Å"Out of this long political darkness, a brighter day will come.†

Analyse and comment on the success Essay

Analyse and comment on the success of the title sequence of Baz Luhrmann’s 1997 film adaptation of ‘Romeo & Juliet’Â  The 1997 adaptation of Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet by Baz Luhrmann was attempting to reach out to a younger audience by modernising the old play with new ideas, even though the old text was kept. Set in modern times with modern things that a young audience could relate to, Luhrmann successfully hauled Shakespeare’s text from 16th century Verona, Italy to late 20th century Miami, USA. The purpose of this essay is to review, analyse and comment on the use of Luhrmann’s background to help him in making the movie, the success of the film but most importantly the cinematic success of the title scene. The location was specifically chosen to represent modern times. America was the most modern country available. Although Luhrmann wanted to shoot the film in Miami, it was seen by the mayor of Miami as unrealistic to put the city on hold while they shot the movie; Mexico’s capital city, Mexico City was used instead. It had everything the crew needed, it had a typical city milieu; it was perfect. As the movie was going to be originally set in Miami, the characters had to at least look like they were from Miami. The Montague household wore very casual Hawaiian t-shirts, which were not buttoned up but hung loosely on the wearer. The Capulets wore very serious, cool clothes, mostly dark colours like black and grey. The choices of clothes used were to symbolise gangsters and mob mentality. ‘from ancient grudge break to new mutiny’ were being portrayed by Luhrmann, as two rival gangs. Casting was very much a big thing in Luhrmann’s version. He had to pick actors that young people could relate to. It was hard finding such actors, as the young and popular ones had problems reading Shakespeare’s diverse and complicated old English text. Luhrmann knew that Leonardo Di Caprio would be perfect for Romeo, as he was a heartthrob worldwide, and would bring in the young girls, who adored him. Throughout the movie we are shown images of power. These images are more abundant in the opening title scene. Images of guns, violence and police are shown to create an atmosphere of chaos and anarchy. The guns are used, again to create a modernised version of the old play. The guns represent the swords used by the people in the sixteenth century, and they are referred to as swords by the actors, ‘put up thy swords.’ Religion is one of the main themes in the play, and Luhrmann uses many powerful images to show this in the opening title scene. Two statues of Jesus are filmed round about either side of the city. The statues are opposite each other with their faces facing inwards, as if looking over the people of ‘Verona’ and keeping guard. Also the Christian crucifix is used to replace some of the Ts in the scripture which occasionally flash between the montage of images of police, violent riots and arrests; the scripture is repeating the important parts of the sonnet that opens the play. Cinematography is used to great effect in the opening scene. Zooming and panning left and right all help to create the effect of disorder and chaos. Before the title of the movie is actually shown there is a montage of images; each clip lasts only for a split second. Each clip is taken from the movie to show the audience that it isn’t an old fashioned soppy love story, but a violent, tragic blockbuster. Using the scenes of gun fights and violence the montage really creates an adrenalin rush. The music and the backing track for the title scene really goes with the visual picture on the screen. Fast tempo gets the blood pumping and again it helps to cause chaos. It has real power as it builds up towards the end of the title scene; during the montage of images it speeds up and the power of it envelops you. Then finally we see the title of the movie and the music stops after a few seconds after the title falls into view and the audience is left in silence. In conclusion, considering all the areas of the title scene, Baz Luhrmann has successfully given birth to a fantastic opening to Romeo and Juliet. The title scene underlines key aspects of the sonnet which opens the play, to help the people in the audience who don’t understand Shakespeare and even the ones who do. He introduces the principle characters, again to stop the audience from getting confused. The use of exciting images, such as the gun and the images of police and violence makes certain people in the audience stay and not walk out because they may believe it to be boring; many teenagers would believe Shakespeare to be boring. The opening scene had a very strong effect on me personally. It really made me want to see the movie again, even though I had already seen it about three times. The scene gripped me and not many title scenes have done that to me. Baz Luhrmann’s version of Romeo and Juliet was a complete success.

Aspects of Life in Puerto Rico essays

Aspects of Life in Puerto Rico essays Imagine all the nations in the world belonging to one big family. The United States would be the father, China the mother, Japan the daughter, France the son, and so on. In this family of nations, Puerto Rico would only be a family relative. Proud to be American citizens and part of the United States, its culture and social mores are defiantly Spanish. Puerto Rico is a gorgeous, sunny island of many different colors. It has green trees, fields and forests, brown hills, and white, sandy beaches. Puerto Rico is famous for its beautiful beaches, warmhearted people, and delicious foods. In fact, Puerto Rico is also known to be the oldest community under the American Flag. Christopher Columbus discovered the lovely island on November 19, 1493 during his second voyage to the new world. Columbus decided to call the island San Juan Bautista (St. John the Baptist) in honor of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain. Their son was named Juan and Columbus wanted to show gratitude because the king and queen gave him the money to buy the ships he used to sail the new world. Before Columbus named the island San Juan Bautista, it was called Boriquen but a lieutenant to Columbus named Juan Ponce de Leon decided to call the island Puerto Rico (rich port). Puerto Rico known as Boriquen wasnt exactly empty when Christopher Columbus found it. The first Puerto Ricans to occupy the tropical paradise was an Indian tribe called the Taino Indians. The Tainos lived in small villages and were led by a Cacique, or chief. The Taino Indians were branded to be very kind, peace- loving and generous people. But the Spaniards didnt appreciate the Tiano Indians. They took over the island, and turned the Taino Indians into slaves. Today the word Taino is still used to describe the people of Puerto Rico. What is a Puerto Rican? Ive heard the questions plenty of times. Of course, Puerto Rican are people who live in, or come f...

How to Teach the Past Continuous to ESL Students

How to Teach the Past Continuous to ESL Students The main concept to relay when teaching the past continuous is the idea that the past continuous expresses an interrupted action. In other words, the past continuous speaks about what was going on when something important happened. The past continuous can be used by itself to express what happened at a precise moment in the past. However, the most common use is together with the past simple  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹(when something happened). You might want to consider teaching the past simple together with the past continuous for intermediate level classes, as the past simple will be review for students. Introduction Start by speaking about what was interrupted. Describe an important past event and then fill in the details as a painter would fill in background details by using the past continuous form. This immediately illustrates the idea that the past continuous is used to set the context of what was happening at that moment in time. Id like to tell you about the day I met my wife. I was walking through the park, the birds were singing and it was raining just a little bit when I saw her! She was sitting on the bench and reading a book at that moment. Ill never be the same. This example is exaggerated for a reason. It boldly conveys the point. Continue introducing the past continuous by asking students simple questions in the past simple about events. Follow up these questions with a question asking what was happening when the event occurred. When did you leave home this morning - At nine oclock.What was your sister doing when you left home?Where did you meet your girlfriend? - At school.What were you doing when you met her? The next step in teaching the past continuous is to include simultaneous actions using while. Explain that while is used when two actions happen at the same time in the past. Its a good idea to point out the difference between while and during, to help avoid confusion. Practice Explaining the Past Continuous on the Board Use a past continuous timeline to illustrate interrupted action. Contrasting this timeline with the past continuous for something happening at a specific point in the past may help illustrate the difference between the two uses. Make sure that students understand the use of time clauses with when and while to help them use the past continuous in context. Comprehension Activities Comprehension activities such as using photos in magazines will help with the past continuous. In this case, make it clear to students that they are to describe the event in the past. You can model this by using a photo in a magazine to describe such an event. Dialogues beginning with What were you doing? will help students practice. A creative writing exercise on the past continuous will also help students build their ability to integrate the past continuous into more advanced structures. Challenges The single greatest challenge to learning the past continuous is deciding which action is the main event: in other words, which event interrupted the action in progress in the past moment in time? Other challenges can include the use of the past continuous to express an activity that happened over a period of time. Its crucial for students to understand that the past continuous describes a particular moment in time, and not a completed event. Here are examples of this type of issue: I was studying science yesterday.She was cooking dinner last night. In other words, the past continuous needs the context of another event when stopped the action in progress at the time.

Spirituality in Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Spirituality in Nursing - Essay Example As the discussion stresses pragmatically though it is nurses on the ward, rather than staff who only visit occasionally, and often only when requested, who are best placed to deal with this part of holistic nursing care. This is especially so where life-threatening illness is involved and there is much one to one interaction between nurse and patient. Thompson in 1993 spoke of the way in which by maintaining a bond with a distressed patient   the nurse is making an act   'unconditional love'.This paper highlights that there are any number of variations on the subject of spirituality. It is defined most often as the quality or state of being spiritual . this doesn’t get you much further on unless you then look up what spiritual means.   This however can be defined as simply to do with the spirit. It then follows that one must   first of all define spirit. The Concise Oxford Thesaurus gives the soul, the psyche, the ego and the inner self, before going on to include such things as ghost and life force. Further still spirit is linked to attitude, frame of mind, point of view. Spirituality provides a means for service providers to empower and encourage patients to engage in their healing process.  According to this experienced hospice   nurse spirituality may or may not include a particular religious beliefs.   She points out that nurses are best placed to deal with a patient’s need for a spirituality dimension, especially she says when caring for   those with mental illnesses or who are terminally ill.

Microbial Content of cooked meat kebab Lab Report

Microbial Content of cooked meat kebab - Lab Report Example However, because the meat is cooked on one surface only, there is an increased opportunity for pathogen outgrowth and microorganism multiplication (Vazgecer, Ulu and Oztan, 2004). There have been reported cases of food contamination and foodborne disease occurrences circumstantially connected to kebab consumptions which can lead to more complex outcomes (Angelillo, I.F., Viggiani, N.M.A., Rizzo, L. and Bianco, A., 2000. Food handlers and foodborne diseases: knowledge, attitudes, and reported behavior in Italy. Journal of Food Protection 63 3, pp. 381–385. View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (35)Angelillo, Viggiani, Rizzo, and Bianco, 2000). Some human ailments may be caused by foodborne pathogens, such as Salmonella serotypes, Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens, and Bacillus cereus (Swaminathan and Feng, 1994). The changing epidemiology of foodborne diseases and the resurfacing of some microorganisms and pathogens are attributable to various conditions, such as everyday habits and routines of consumers, food handling and preparation, food manufacture and distribution, and understanding of food risks (Lacey, 1993; Roberts, 2000; Slutsker, Altekruse, and Swerdlow, 1998). This experiment will determine levels of aerobic microorganisms and identify probable pathogens in two kebab meat samples of chicken and lamb. Moreover, it will verify probabilities on disease transmission and assess kebab’s quality and safety for human consumption. 10 grams of the chicken sample was placed in a sterile stomacher bag with 90ml of buffered peptone water; homogenized with a blender; incubated for 24 hours. 1 ml of chicken sample was then suspended into 9ml of SCB and incubated for another 24 hours at 37 Â °C. 10 grams of the lamb sample was placed in a sterile stomacher bag with 90ml of Ringer solution; homogenized with a blender; diluted with 20uL of sample and 180ul of

Managing Your Time as an Adult Learner Research Paper

Managing Your Time as an Adult Learner - Research Paper Example An instance whereby the teacher is able to fashion the learning activities in such a manner, that the learners identify with the concept being taught, there is a great likelihood that, the learners will identify themselves with the contents being taught (Turner, 2001). For learning to be effectual, the need to set realistic goals is vital. All processes are worth undertaking if the learner is directed towards achieving a certain goal. Goals allow learners define what they work for and at what levels, they would also be in a better position to attain their goals. It is also imperative to note that, creating weekly schedules is crucial if individuals have to achieve their set goals and standards. Through set schedules; learners are able to detect extra time that they have, that can be dedicated to remedial classes. With strict timelines, learners are able to create quality and uninterrupted study time. Creation of schedule lists allows the learners schedule what they have to do in the following day. Schedules have been credited for their ability to allow learners plan on what to do and what not to do. According to Matema (2007) understanding one’s schedule is of importance to adult learning. ... Anderson, Samimi and Bohl (2010) argue that, time management is the major ingredient in the success of learning among learners. Learning how to manage time requires that learners come up with a daily occurrence list that needs to be constantly updated. Prioritizing activities allows learners plan what to do first and according to their urgency. The learners are also able to discern the repercussions of not following their time schedules. The learners must always update their skills and be in a position to assess their performance. Adult learners are faced with a myriad of barriers in their course of study. Rothwell (2008) indicates that, learners must devise solutions towards procrastination. The study recommends that adult learners can handle this problem through strictly following their set schedule. The schedule must be set on limits that the learners must plan their work in a manner that will not strain their abilities. Procrastination is known to instill guilt feelings among lea rners; a factor that drains their abilities to perform well. In order to work without interruptions, the leaner may need to understand the contents of their tasks, so as to allocate enough time for all of them. In this way, the learners will be in a better position to meet deadlines of the specific tasks as well as, acquire help when need in a timely manner. It is possible to eliminate stress in the learners if they understand the fact that, they do not have to be perfect, but do what they can within the allocated time. The learners must always attempt to make their learning interesting despite the fact it may prove extremely difficult at times. Conclusively, it is justified to argue that, adult education can only be successful if all the tips of effectiveness are followed